Appendix 6.2 IUCN global ecosystem typology (selected as relevant to Ocean Accounts)
- Jordan Gacutan
- Coulson Lantz
Table 35. Selected biomes and ecosystem functional groups relevant to ocean accounting. Note: Transitional functional groups, FM1 = Freshwater/Marine; MT1 = Marine/Terrestrial, MFT = Marine/Terrestrial/Freshwater
Accessible via: https://iucnrle.org/about-rle/ongoing-initiatives/global-ecosystem-typology/. See also https://global-ecosystems.org/.
Realm | Biome | Ecosystem Functional Group |
Subterranean - Marine | SM1 Subterranean tidal biome | SM1.1 Anchialine caves |
Freshwater - Marine | FM1 Transitional waters biome (Freshwater Marine) | FM1.1 Deepwater coastal inlets |
FM1.2 Permanently open riverine estuaries and bays | ||
FM1.3 Intermittently closed and open lakes and lagoons | ||
Marine | M1 Marine shelf biome | M1.1 Seagrass meadows |
M1.2 Kelp forests | ||
M1.3 Photic coral reefs | ||
M1.4 Shellfish beds and reefs | ||
M1.5 Photo-limited marine animal forests | ||
M1.6 Subtidal rocky reefs | ||
M1.7 Subtidal sand beds | ||
M1.8 Subtidal mud plains | ||
M1.9 Upwelling zones | ||
M2 Pelagic ocean waters biome | M2.1 Epipelagic ocean waters | |
M2.2 Mesopelagic ocean waters | ||
M2.3 Bathypelagic ocean waters | ||
M2.4 Abyssopelagic ocean waters | ||
M2.5 Sea ice | ||
M3 Deep sea floors biome | M3.1 Continental and island slopes | |
M3.2 Submarine canyons | ||
M3.3 Abyssal plains | ||
M3.4 Seamounts, ridges and plateaus | ||
M3.5 Deepwater biogenic beds | ||
M3.6 Hadal trenches and troughs | ||
M3.7 Chemosynthetic-based ecosystems (CBE) | ||
M4 Anthropogenic marine biome | M4.1 Submerged artificial structures | |
M4.2 Marine aquafarms | ||
Marine - Terrestrial | MT1 Shorelines biome | MT1.1 Rocky shorelines |
MT1.2 Muddy shorelines | ||
MT1.3 Sandy Shorelines | ||
MT1.4 Boulder and cobble shores | ||
MT2 Supralittoral coastal biome | MT2.1 Coastal shrublands and grasslands | |
MT3 Anthropogenic shorelines biome | MT3.1 Artificial shorelines | |
Marine - Freshwater - Terrestrial | MFT1 Brackish tidal biome | MFT1.1 Coastal river deltas |
MFT1.2 Intertidal forests and shrublands | ||
MFT1.3 Coastal saltmarshes |
Global Ocean Accounts Partnership, 2019