Appendix 6.4 Potential FDES (2013) topics and statistics applicable to Ocean Accounts

The table provides a basic indication of FDES (2013) topics and statistics which may be relevant to the proposed set of Ocean Accounts. This is a broad indication given that the ocean accounts are in development and is thus subject to further refinement. It draws particularly on the August 2018 workshop concept note. Source: United Nations Statistics Division. Unpublished.

#	Proposed Ocean Accounts	Disaggregation	FDES Component, Sub-component and Topic	FDES Statistic	Notes
	Source: Appendix 1 Concept Note ESCAP Expert Workshop on Ocean Accounts 1-3 August 2018	National, international waters, sub-national (bay, coastline). In general, FDES would need to be more specific about the spatial areas to cover.	Further work is necessary to identify the ocean related spatial areas.	Statistics have been proposed where possible, otherwise only the FDES (2013) Topic level is provided and the statistics cell is not yet completed.
	Drivers/Pressures
1	Air emissions (GHGs and others)		Component 3: Residuals, Sub-component 3.1: Emissions to Air, Topic 3.1.1: Emissions of greenhouse gases
2	Effluents Water flows to the ocean Solid wastes Plastics Hazardous waste		Component 3: Residuals, Sub-component 3.2: Generation and Management of Wastewater, Topic 3.2.3: Discharge of wastewater to the environment	· 3.2.3.a.2: Wastewater discharge: Total volume of wastewater discharged to the environment without treatment	Would need to specify at risk areas.
			Component 3: Residuals, Sub-component 3.3: Generation and Management of Waste: Topic 3.3.1 Generation of Waste and Topic 3.3.2: Management of Waste
			Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.2: Energy Resources, Topic 2.2.2: Production, trade and consumption of energy		HS Chapter Code 39 Plastics and articles thereof. Plastics would have to be specified for oceans.
			Component 3: Residuals, Sub-component 3.3: Generation and Management of Waste: Topic 3.3.1 Generation of Waste and Topic 3.3.2: Management of Waste	· 3.3.1.c: Amount of hazardous waste generated · 3.3.2.b: Hazardous Waste
3	Impact of Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries		Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.5: Biological Resources, Topic 2.5.1: Timber resources, Topic 2.5.2: Aquatic resources, Topic 2.5.3: Crops and Topic 2.5.4: Livestock
3	Impact of Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries		Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 3.4: Release of Chemical Substances, Topic 3.4.1: Release of chemical substances
4	Land use	`	Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.3: Land, Topic 2.3.1: Land use
5	Water consumption		Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.6: Water resources, Topic 2.6.2: Abstraction, use and returns of water
6	Energy consumption		Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.2: Energy Resources, Topic 2.2.2: Production, trade and consumption of energy
	Assets (Extent)
7	Ocean ecosystem types Benthic (sea bottom) Pelagic (surface) Coastal Open ocean ecosystems	Vertical dimension needed	Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.2: Land Cover, Ecosystems and Biodiversity, Topic 1.2.2: Ecosystems and biodiversity	· 1.2.2.a.1: General ecosystem characteristics, extent and pattern: Area of ecosystems	FDES would need to develop guidance on specific ocean ecosystems.
			Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.1: Physical Conditions, Topic 1.1.2: Hydrographical characteristics	· 1.1.2.e.1: Coastal waters · 1.1.2.e.2: Territorial sea · 1.1.2.e.3: Exclusive Economic Zone · 1.1.2.e.4: Sea level · 1.1.2.e.5: Area of sea ice
			Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.1: Physical Conditions, Topic 1.1.3: Geological and geographical information
8	Protected areas		Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.2: Land Cover, Ecosystems and Biodiversity, Topic 1.2.2: Ecosystems and biodiversity	· 1.2.2.d.1: Protected areas and species: Protected terrestrial and marine area
9	Fishing zones		Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.1 Physical Conditions, Topic 1.1.2: Hydrographical characteristics		FDES covers physical characteristics but this item is not specified in the statistics. Would be obtained from nautical chart.
10	Ocean mineral assets		Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.1: Mineral Resources, Topic 2.1.1: Stocks and changes of mineral resources		FDES specifies sub-national breakdown, would need to specify types of minerals from ocean areas.
11	Ocean energy assets		Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.2: Energy Resources, Topic 2.2.1: Stocks and changes of energy resources		FDES specifies sub-national breakdown, would need to specify types of energy from ocean areas.
12	Ocean communities		Component 5: Human Settlements and Environmental Health, Sub-component 5.1: Human Settlements, Topic 5.1.1: Urban and rural population	· 5.1.1.e: Population living in coastal areas	FDES would need to add spatial area of the village/community.
13	Coastal and marine infrastructure		Component 1:Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.1: Physical Conditions, Topic 1.1.2: Hydrographical characteristics		FDES covers physical characteristics but this item is not specified in the statistics. Would be obtained from nautical chart.
14	Depths		Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.1: Physical Conditions, Topic 1.1.2: Hydrographical characteristics	· 1.1.2.e: Seas	FDES covers physical characteristics but this item is not specified in the statistics. Would be obtained from bathymetric chart.
15	Shipping Lanes		Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.1 Physical Conditions, Topic 1.1.2: Hydrographical characteristics	· 1.1.2.e: Seas	FDES covers physical characteristics but this item is not specified in the statistics. Would be obtained from nautical chart.
16	Upwelling Areas		Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.1 Physical Conditions, Topic 1.1.2: Hydrographical characteristics	· 1.1.2.e: Seas	FDES covers physical characteristics but this item is not specified in the statistics.
17	Aquatic resources		Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.5: Biological Resources, Topic 2.5.2: Aquatic resources
	Condition (Accessibility and Quantity)
18	Acidification		Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.3: Environmental Quality, Topic 1.3.3: Marine Water Quality, Topic 1.3.3: Marine water quality	· 1.3.3.f.1: Physical and chemical characteristics: pH/Acidity/Alkalinity
19	Eutrophication		Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.3: Environmental Quality, Topic 1.3.3: Marine Water Quality	· 1.3.3.a: Nutrients and chlorophyll · 1.3.3.a.1: Concentration level of nitrogen · 1.3.3.a.2: Concentration level of phosphorous · 1.3.3.a.3: Concentration level of chlorophyll A
20	Phytoplankton distribution		Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.3: Environmental Quality, Topic 1.3.3: Marine Water Quality, Topic 1.3.3: Marine water quality	· 1.3.3.e.2: Concentration levels of marine organisms	FDES would need to specify phytoplankton.
21	Plastics		Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.3: Environmental Quality, Topic 1.3.3: Marine Water Quality, Topic 1.3.3: Marine water quality	· 1.3.3.h.1: Plastic waste and other marine debris: Amount of plastic waste and other debris in marine waters
22	Carbon		Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.3: Environmental Quality, Topic 1.3.3: Marine Water Quality, Topic 1.3.3: Marine water quality		FDES does not specify oceans dissolved carbon dioxide concentrations.
23	Coral bleaching		Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.3: Environmental Quality, Topic 1.3.3: Marine Water Quality, Topic 1.3.3: Marine water quality	· 1.3.3.g.1: Coral bleaching: Area affected by coral bleaching
24	Other pollutants		Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.3: Environmental Quality, Topic 1.3.3: Marine Water Quality, Topic 1.3.3: Marine water quality
25	Biophysical conditions Biodiversity Temperature Currents Frequency of storms
			Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.2: Land Cover, Ecosystems and Biodiversity, Topic 1.2.2: Ecosystems and biodiversity	· 1.2.2.c: Biodiversity	FDES would need to develop guidance on specific ocean ecosystems.
			Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.3: Environmental Quality, Topic 1.3.3: Marine Water Quality, Topic 1.3.3: Marine water quality	· 1.3.3.f.2: Temperature
			Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.1 Physical Conditions, Topic 1.1.2: Hydrographical characteristics	· 1.1.2.e: Seas	FDES covers physical characteristics but the item is not specified in the statistics. Would be obtained from nautical chart.
			Component 4: Extreme Events and Disasters, Sub-component 4.1: Natural Extreme Events and Disasters, Topic 4.1.1: Occurrence of natural extreme events and disasters	· 4.1.1.a: Occurrence of natural extreme events and disasters	Hurricane and Cyclone scales applicable.
			Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.1: Physical Conditions, Topic 1.1.1: Atmosphere, climate and weather	· 1.1.1.e: Wind speed	Monitoring of wind speed over certain thresholds on Beaufort Scale.
26	Sea level		Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.1: Physical Conditions, Topic 1.1.2: Hydrographical characteristics	· 1.1.2.e.4: Sea level
27	Population and infrastructure exposed to natural hazards		Component 4: Extreme Events and Disasters, Sub-component 4.1: Natural Extreme Events and Disasters, Topic 4.1.2: Impact of natural extreme events and disasters	· 4.1.2.a. to 4.1.2.d.
27	Population and infrastructure exposed to natural hazards		Component 5: Human Settlements and Environmental Health, Sub-component 5.1: Human Settlements, Topic 5.1.3: Housing conditions	· 5.1.3.c: Population living in hazard-prone areas · 5.1.3.d: Hazard-prone areas
	Ocean Services Supply (physical and monetary)	coastal/urban/rural/high/low income/male/female
28	Provisioning: tidal and wave power generation, medium for cultivation, fish production, aquaculture production, other marine organisms		Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.1: Mineral Resources, Topic 2.1.1: Stocks and changes of mineral resources
			Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.2: Energy Resources, Topic 2.2.1: Stocks and changes of energy resources
			Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.5: Biological Resources, Topic 2.5.2: Aquatic resources
29	Regulating and maintenance: receiving discharge, placement of infrastructure, medium for transport, disaster risk reduction		Component 3: Residuals, Sub-component 3.2: Generation and Management of Wastewater, Topic 3.2.3: Discharge of wastewater to the environment	· 3.2.3.a.2: Wastewater discharge: Total volume of wastewater discharged to the environment without treatment	Would need to specify coastal plants.
			Component 4: Extreme Events and Disasters, Sub-component 4.1: Natural Extreme Events and Disasters, Topic 4.1.2: Impact of natural extreme events and disasters
			Component 5: Human Settlements and Environmental Health, Sub-component 5.1: Human Settlements, Topic 5.1.3: Housing conditions	· 5.1.3.c: Population living in hazard-prone areas · 5.1.3.d: Hazard-prone areas
30	Cultural
31	Abiotic: Minerals, energy, medium for transport		Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.1: Mineral Resources, Topic 2.1.2: Production and trade of minerals		FDES would need to specify production from the Oceans.
31	Abiotic: Minerals, energy, medium for transport		Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.2: Energy Resources, Topic 2.2.2: Production, trade and consumption of energy
32	Fishing industry		Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.5: Biological Resources, Topic 2.5.2: Aquatic resources
	Ocean Services Use (physical and monetary)
33	Provisioning: tidal and wave power generation, medium for cultivation, fish production, aquaculture production, other marine organisms		Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.1: Mineral Resources, Topic 2.1.1: Stocks and changes of mineral resources
			Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.2: Energy Resources, Topic 2.2.1: Stocks and changes of energy resources
			Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.5: Biological Resources, Topic 2.5.2: Aquatic resources
34	Regulating and maintenance: receiving discharge, placement of infrastructure, medium for transport, disaster risk reduction		Component 3: Residuals, Sub-component 3.2: Generation and Management of Wastewater, Topic 3.2.3: Discharge of wastewater to the environment	· 3.2.3.a.2: Wastewater discharge: Total volume of wastewater discharged to the environment without treatment	Would need to specify coastal plants.
			Component 4: Extreme Events and Disasters, Sub-component 4.1: Natural Extreme Events and Disasters, Topic 4.1.2: Impact of natural extreme events and disasters
			Component 5: Human Settlements and Environmental Health, Sub-component 5.1: Human Settlements, Topic 5.1.3: Housing conditions	· 5.1.3.c: Population living in hazard-prone areas · 5.1.3.d: Hazard-prone areas
35	Cultural
36	Abiotic: Minerals, energy, medium for transport		Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.1: Mineral Resources, Topic 2.1.2: Production and trade of minerals		FDES would need to specify production from the Oceans.
36	Abiotic: Minerals, energy, medium for transport		Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.2: Energy Resources, Topic 2.2.2: Production, trade and consumption of energy
37	Fishing industry		Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.5: Biological Resources, Topic 2.5.2: Aquatic resources
	Governance
38	Policies for sustainable management
39	Environmental Protection Expenditures on Oceans		Component 6: Environmental Protection, Management and Engagement, Sub-component 6.1: Environmental Protection and Resource Management Expenditure, Topic 6.1.1: Government environmental protection and resource management expenditure and Topic 6.1.2: Corporate, non-profit institution and household environmental protection and resource management expenditure
40	Environmental taxes and subsidies		Component 6: Environmental Protection, Management and Engagement, Sub-component 6.1: Environmental Protection and Resource Management Expenditure, Topic 6.2.2 Environmental regulation and instruments	· 6.2.2.b.1: Economic instruments: List and description of green/environmental taxes · 6.2.2.b.2: List and description of environmentally relevant subsidies	FDES would need to specify ocean related taxes and subsidies
41	Management practices (including community based)		Component 6: Environmental Protection, Management and Engagement, Sub-component 6.1: Environmental Protection and Resource Management Expenditure, Topic 6.2.2: Environmental regulation and instruments	· 6.2.2.a.2: Direct regulation: Description of licensing system to ensure compliance with environmental standards for businesses or other new facilities · 6.2.2.a.3: Number of applications for licenses received and approved per year · 6.2.2.a.4: List of quotas for biological resource extraction	FDES would need to identify types of regulations. Other types of regulations such as closed seasons to be added. Community based practices to be added.