Appendix 6.5 Ocean-related SDG indicators and links to ocean accounts

Target

Indicator

Custodian

Link to ocean accounts [Subsection in Section 2]

2.3 By 2030, double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, in particular women, indigenous peoples, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers, including through secure and equal access to land, other productive resources and inputs, knowledge, financial services, markets and opportunities for value addition and non-farm employment

2.3.1 Volume of production per labour unit by classes of farming/pastoral/forestry enterprise size

FAO

Ocean services use [2.4] disaggregated by large/small scale fishing.

2.3.2 Average income of small-scale food producers, by sex and indigenous status

FAO (with World Bank)

9.4 By 2030, upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable, with increased resource-use efficiency and greater adoption of clean and environmentally sound technologies and industrial processes, with all countries taking action in accordance with their respective capabilities

9.4.1 CO₂ emission per unit of value added

UNIDO, IEA (with UNEP)

Flows to Environment (air emissions) [2.5]; Flows to Economy (Ocean Services) [2.4]; Ocean Economy Satellite Accounts [2.6]

13.2 Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning

13.2.1 Number of countries that have communicated the establishment or operationalization of an integrated policy/strategy/plan which increases their ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change, and foster climate resilience and low greenhouse gas emissions development in a manner that does not threaten food production (including a national adaptation plan, nationally determined contribution, national communication, biennial update report or other)

UNFCCC (with UNEP,

WMO,

WHO)

Flows to environment (Air Emissions) [2.5]; Ocean Assets (Carbon) [2.3]; Governance [2.7]

14.1 By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution

14.1.1 Index of coastal eutrophication and floating plastic debris density

UNEP (with IOC-UNESCO,

IMO,

FAO)

Ocean Assets (Condition) [2.3]; Flows to Environment (Water Emissions, Solid Wastes) [2.5]

14.2 By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans

14.2.1 Proportion of national exclusive economic zones managed using ecosystem-based approaches

UNEP (with FAO, UNESCO-IOC)

Ocean Assets (Aquatic Resources, Ecosystem Extent) [2.3]; Governance (Environmental Protection Expenditures) [2.7]; Flows to economy (Ocean Services) [2.4]

14.3 Minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels

14.3.1 Average marine acidity (pH) measured at agreed suite of representative sampling stations

UNEP (with IOC-UNESCO, FAO)

Flows to environment (Water Emissions) [2.5]; Ocean Assets (Condition, Biodiversity) [2.3]; Governance [2.7]

14.4 By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics

14.4.1 Proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels

FAO

Ocean Assets (Aquatic Resources, Ecosystem Extent) [2.3]; Governance (Environmental Protection Expenditures) [2.7]

14.5 By 2020, conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with national and international law and based on the best available scientific information

14.5.1 Coverage of protected areas in relation to marine areas

UNEP-WCMC, UNEP (with RAMSAR)

Ocean Assets (Aquatic Resources, Ecosystem Extent) [2.3]; Governance (Environmental Protection Expenditures) [2.7]; Flows to Economy (Ocean services) [2.4]

14.6 By 2020, prohibit certain forms of fisheries subsidies which contribute to overcapacity and overfishing, eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and refrain from introducing new such subsidies, recognizing that appropriate and effective special and differential treatment for developing and least developed countries should be an integral part of the World Trade Organization fisheries subsidies negotiation³

14.6.1 Progress by countries in the degree of implementation of international instruments aiming to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing

FAO

Ocean Assets (Aquatic Resources, Ecosystem Extent) [2.3]; Governance (Environmental Protection Expenditures) [2.7]

14.7 By 2030, increase the economic benefits to small island developing States and least developed countries from the sustainable use of marine resources, including through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism

14.7.1 Sustainable fisheries as a proportion of GDP in small island developing States, least developed countries and all countries

FAO, UNEP-WCMC

Ocean Assets (Aquatic Resources, Ecosystem Extent) [2.3]; Governance (Environmental Protection Expenditures) [2.7]

14.a Increase scientific knowledge, develop research capacity and transfer marine technology, taking into account the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, in order to improve ocean health and to enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of developing countries, in particular small island developing States and least developed countries

14.a.1 Proportion of total research budget allocated to research in the field of marine technology

IOC-UNESCO (with UNEP)

Governance (Environmental Protection Expenditures, Environmental Goods and Services Sector) [2.7]

14.b Provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets

14.b.1 Progress by countries in the degree of application of a legal/ regulatory/ policy/ institutional framework which recognizes and protects access rights for small-scale fisheries

FAO

Governance (Environmental Protection Expenditure Accounts) [2.7]

14.c Enhance the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources by implementing international law as reflected in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which provides the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources, as recalled in paragraph 158 of “The future we want”

14.c.1 Number of countries making progress in ratifying, accepting and implementing through legal, policy and institutional frameworks, ocean-related instruments that implement international law, as reflected in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, for the conservation and sustainable use of the oceans and their resources

UN-DOALOS, FAO, UNEP, ILO, other UN Oceans agencies

Governance (Environmental Protection Expenditure Accounts) [2.7]

15.5 Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species

15.5.1 Red List Index

IUCN (with UNEP, CITES)

Ocean Assets (Ecosystem Condition, Biodiversity) [2.3]

15.9 By 2020, integrate ecosystem and biodiversity values into national and local planning, development processes, poverty reduction strategies and accounts

15.9.1 Progress towards national targets established in accordance with Aichi Biodiversity Target 2 of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020

CBD-Secretariat,

UNEP

Governance [2.7]