List of Figures and Tables
Table of Contents
List of Figures
Figure 1. General structure of the Ocean Accounts Framework
Figure 3. Detailed table structure of Ocean Accounts Framework
Figure 4. Basic Spatial Units for Ocean Accounts
Figure 5. Structure of the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems global ecosystem typology
Figure 6. Relationship between ocean and ocean economy
Figure 7. Basic jurisdictional framework for ocean governance
Figure 8. Simplified Ocean Accounts Framework
Figure 9 Steps for conducting ocean accounts pilot studies
Figure 10. Example of overalying drainage basins with marine administrative areas (Malaysia)
Figure 12. Initial examples of delineating ocean bathymetry and selected ecosystem types (Canada)
Figure 13. Simple example of overlaying ocean assets with designated use (ESCAP Exercise)
Figure 14. Simple example of allocating terrestrial activities to drainage basin (ESCAP Exercises)
Figure 15. Relationship among concepts of ocean economy
Figure 16. Basic structure of national income and product accounts
Figure 17. Components of the ocean economy
Figure 18. Components of SEEA-EEA amenable to modelling/estimation
Figure 19. Relationship between Ocean Accounts and other information products
Figure 20. System analysis for SDG14
Figure 21. Links between targets of the Sendai Framework and the SDGs
Figure 23. Structure of the FEGS/NESCS classification scheme
Figure 24. IPBES Classification of Nature’s Contributions to People
Figure 25. Structure and components of CMECS classification scheme
Figure 26. Hierarchical components of CBiCs classification scheme and Biotic Component hierarchy
List of Tables
Table 1. Physical Asset Extent Account
Table 2. Physical Asset Condition Account by MBSU for each depth layer at end of accounting period
Table 4. Monetary Asset Account (currency units)
Table 4a. SEEA Ecosystem Services
Table 5. Flows table: General supply and use table (physical or monetary) (during accounting period)
Table 7. Examples of ocean services by ecosystem type
Table 8. A, B and C methods for ecosystem services valuation
Table 9. Tiered approach to valuation of ecosystem services approaches
Table 10. Basic structure for Water Emissions Account by drainage basin and marine area
Table 11. Physical supply and use of solid waste residuals
Table 11. Physical supply and use of solid waste residuals (continued)
Table 12. Supply of flows to the ocean (physical) (during accounting period)
Table 13. Ocean Economy Satellite Account (year)
Table 14. Ocean-related ISIC codes
Table 15. Ocean economy table: supply and use (monetary) (during accounting period)
Table 16. Governance table: spatially explicit situation (at end of accounting period)
Table 17. Governance table: environmental economic activity per sector (at end of accounting period)
Table 19. Combined presentation (physical and monetary) (during accounting period)
Table 20. National wealth table: Ocean Economy balance sheet (monetary)
Table 22. Key actions for account development planning
Table 23. Priority topics and policy concerns addressed in Ocean Accounts pilots
Table 24. Example of physical ecosystem services supply table (Limburgh province, 2010)
Table 25. Example of monetary ecosystem services supply table (Limburgh province, 2010)
Table 26 Selected estimates of value of ocean-based industries, by country, region and world
Table 27. Indicative data sources for Canada’s Marine Economy Accounts
Table 28. Summary indicators, context and quality concerns linked to selected priority issues
Table 29. Tier classification criteria and definitions for SDG indicators
Table 30. Essential Ocean Variables
Table 31. Essential Biodiversity Variables
Table 32. Illustrative contributions of modelling to Ocean Accounts
Table 30x. Core Ocean Statistics (in progress)
Table 33. Partial list of ocean data portals
Table 34 Summary of ESCAP Global Ocean Data Inventory
Table 35. Selected biomes and ecosystem functional groups relevant to ocean accounting
Table 36 Marine-related ecosystem services flagged in the CICES
Table 38. Ocean-related ISIC codes
Table 39. Illustrative characteristic industries of the ocean economy (% of times mentioned; n=25)
Table 40. Ocean-related ISIC codes (expanded with Colgan, 2018)
Table 41. Components of the “Blue Economy”
Table 42. Coral Reef ecosystem core statistics
Table 43 Mangrove ecosystem core statistics
Table 44. Kelp Forest ecosystem core statistics
Table 45. Seagrass ecosystem core statistics
Table 46. Salt Marsh and Estuary ecosystem core statistics
Table 47. Sediment ecosystem core statistics
Table 48. Open Ocean ecosystem core statistics
Abbreviations and acronyms
4IR | Fourth Industrial Revolution |
ABNJ | Areas Beyond National Jurisdictions |
AIS | Automated Identification System |
AIT | Asian Institute of Technology |
APRU | Association of Pacific Rim Universities |
ARD | Analysis Ready Datasets |
ASEAN | Association of Southeast Asian Nations |
ASFA | Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries |
BSU | Basic Spatial Unit (see Glossary) |
CBD | The Convention on Biological Diversity |
CBiCS | Combined Biotope Classification Scheme |
CBSU | Coastal Basic Spatial Unit |
Cefas | Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science |
CEOS | Committee on Earth Observation Satellites |
CICES | The Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (see Glossary) |
CMECS | Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (see Glossary) |
CMU | Coastal Marine Units (see Glossary) |
COP | Conference of the Parties |
CWP | Coordinating Working Party on Fishery Statistics |
DIAS | Data Information and Access Services |
DON | Dissolved organic nitrogen |
DPSIR | Drivers, Pressures, State, Impact and Response |
DRSF | Disaster-Related Statistics Framework |
EA | Ecosystem Asset |
EAA | Ecosystem Accounting Area |
EBVs | Essential Biodiversity Variables |
ECVs | Essential Climate Variables |
eEOVs | Ecosystem Essential Ocean Variables |
EEZ | Exclusive Economic Zone |
EMUs | Ecosystem Marine Units (see Glossary) |
ENGOs | Environmental Non-governmental Organizations |
EOVs | Essential Ocean Variables |
ESCAP | United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific |
ETs | Ecosystem Types |
EVCs | Ecological Vegetation Classes |
EWC-Stat | European Waste Classification for Statistics |
FAO | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |
FDES | Framework for the Development of Environment Statistics |
FIGIS | Fisheries Global Information System |
FIRMS | Fisheries and Resources Monitoring System |
FOO | Framework on Ocean Observing |
GDP | Gross Domestic Product |
GEBCO | General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans |
GEE | Google Earth Engine |
GEO BON | Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network |
GEO | Group on Earth Observation |
GEP | Gross Ecosystem Product (see Glossary) |
GET | Global Ecosystem Typology |
GHGs | Greenhouse Gases |
GIS | Geographic Information System |
GO | Gross Output |
GOAP | Global Ocean Accounts Partnership |
GOOS | Global Ocean Observing System |
GVA | Gross Value Added |
HIES | Household Income and Expenditure Surveys |
IAEG-SDGs | Inter-agency and Expert Group on SDG Indicators |
ICEP | Index of Coastal Eutrophication |
ICZM | Integrated Coastal Zone Management |
IDEEA | Institute for Development of Environmental-Economic Accounting |
IGOs | Intergovernmental organisations |
IIED | International Institute for Environment and Development |
IMO | International Maritime Organisation |
IOC | Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission |
IPCC | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
IPOA-IUU | The 2001 International Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter, and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing |
ISIC | The International Standard Industrial Classification |
IUCN | International Union for Conservation of Nature |
IUU | Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated |
JNCC | The UK Joint Nature Conservation Committee |
JNCC-EUNIS | The Joint Nature Conservation Committee – European Nature Information System |
LME | Large Marine Ecosystems (see Glossary) |
MBON | Marine Biodiversity Observation Network |
MBSU | Marine Basic Spatial Unit |
MEOW | Marine Ecosystems of the World (see Glossary) |
MPA | Marine Protected Area |
MSDI | Marine Spatial Data Infrastructure (see Glossary) |
MSP | Marine Spatial Planning |
NOAA | US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |
NPV | Net Present Value |
NSDI | National Spatial Data Infrastructure (see Glossary) |
NSO | National Statistical Office |
NSS | National Statistical System |
OECD | Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |
PEAF | The Poverty Environment Accounting Framework |
PEMSEA | Partnership in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia |
PEN | Poverty-environment-nexus |
PON | Particulate Organic Nitrogen |
PSUT | Physical Supply and Use Tables (see Glossary) |
RFMOs | Regional Fishing Management Organizations |
SDGs | Sustainable Development Goals (2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development) |
SEEA | System of Environmental-Economic Accounting |
SEEA–AFF | SEEA Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries |
SEEA–CF | SEEA Central Framework |
SEEA–EEA | SEEA Experimental Ecosystem Accounting |
SNA | System of National Accounts |
SOLSTICE–WIO | Sustainable Oceans, Livelihoods, and food Security Through Increased Capacity in Ecosystem research in the Western Indian Ocean |
SST | Sea Surface Temperature |
TBSUs | Terrestrial Basic Spatial Units |
TEEB | The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity |
TSA | Tourism Satellite Accounts |
UNCEEA | UN Committee of Experts on Environmental-Economic Accounting |
UNCLOS/ LOSC | United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea |
UNECE-CES | UN Economic Commission for Europe, Conference of European Statisticians |
UNESCO | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization |
UNISDR | UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction |
UNITAR | United Nations Institute for Training and Research |
UNSC | UN Statistical Commission |
UNSD | UN Statistics Division |
UNSW | University of New South Wales |
VMS | Vessel monitoring system |
WTP | Willingness to Pay |
Global Ocean Accounts Partnership, 2019