Appendix 6.4 Potential FDES (2013) topics and statistics applicable to Ocean Accounts


  1. The table provides a basic indication of FDES (2013) topics and statistics which may be relevant to the proposed set of Ocean Accounts. This is a broad indication given that the ocean accounts are in development and is thus subject to further refinement. It draws particularly on the August 2018 workshop concept note. Source: United Nations Statistics Division. Unpublished.

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Proposed Ocean Accounts

Disaggregation

FDES Component, Sub-component and Topic

FDES Statistic

Notes

 

Source: Appendix 1 Concept Note ESCAP Expert Workshop on Ocean Accounts 1-3 August 2018

National, international waters, sub-national (bay, coastline).  In general, FDES would need to be more specific about the spatial areas to cover.

Further work is necessary to identify the ocean related spatial areas.

Statistics have been proposed where possible, otherwise only the FDES (2013) Topic level is provided and the statistics cell is not yet completed.

 

 

Drivers/Pressures

 

 

 

 

1

Air emissions (GHGs and others)

 

Component 3: Residuals, Sub-component 3.1: Emissions to Air, Topic 3.1.1: Emissions of greenhouse gases

 

 

2

Effluents
Water flows to the ocean
Solid wastes
Plastics
Hazardous waste

 

Component 3: Residuals, Sub-component 3.2: Generation and Management of Wastewater, Topic 3.2.3: Discharge of wastewater to the environment

· 3.2.3.a.2: Wastewater discharge: Total volume of wastewater discharged to the environment without treatment

Would need to specify at risk areas.

Component 3: Residuals, Sub-component 3.3: Generation and Management of Waste: Topic 3.3.1 Generation of Waste and Topic 3.3.2: Management of Waste

 

 

Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.2: Energy Resources, Topic 2.2.2: Production, trade and consumption of energy

 

HS Chapter Code 39 Plastics and articles thereof.  Plastics would have to be specified for oceans.

Component 3: Residuals, Sub-component 3.3: Generation and Management of Waste: Topic 3.3.1 Generation of Waste and Topic 3.3.2: Management of Waste

· 3.3.1.c: Amount of hazardous waste generated

· 3.3.2.b: Hazardous Waste

 

3

Impact of Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries

 

Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.5: Biological Resources, Topic 2.5.1: Timber resources, Topic 2.5.2: Aquatic resources, Topic 2.5.3: Crops and Topic 2.5.4: Livestock

 

 

Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 3.4: Release of Chemical Substances, Topic 3.4.1: Release of chemical substances

 

 

4

Land use

`

Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.3: Land, Topic 2.3.1: Land use

 

 

5

Water consumption

 

Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.6: Water resources, Topic 2.6.2: Abstraction, use and returns of water

 

 

6

Energy consumption

 

Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.2: Energy Resources, Topic 2.2.2: Production, trade and consumption of energy

 

 

 

Assets (Extent)

 

 

 

 

7

Ocean ecosystem types
Benthic (sea bottom)
Pelagic (surface)
Coastal
Open ocean ecosystems

Vertical dimension needed

Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.2: Land Cover, Ecosystems and Biodiversity, Topic 1.2.2: Ecosystems and biodiversity

· 1.2.2.a.1: General ecosystem characteristics, extent and pattern: Area of ecosystems

FDES would need to develop guidance on specific ocean ecosystems.

Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.1: Physical Conditions, Topic 1.1.2: Hydrographical characteristics

· 1.1.2.e.1: Coastal waters

· 1.1.2.e.2: Territorial sea

· 1.1.2.e.3: Exclusive Economic Zone

· 1.1.2.e.4: Sea level

· 1.1.2.e.5: Area of sea ice

 

Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.1: Physical Conditions, Topic 1.1.3: Geological and geographical information

 

 

8

Protected areas

 

Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.2: Land Cover, Ecosystems and Biodiversity, Topic 1.2.2: Ecosystems and biodiversity

· 1.2.2.d.1: Protected areas and species: Protected terrestrial and marine area

 

9

Fishing zones

 

Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.1 Physical Conditions, Topic 1.1.2: Hydrographical characteristics

 

FDES covers physical characteristics but this item is not specified in the statistics.  Would be obtained from nautical chart.

10

Ocean mineral assets

 

Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.1: Mineral Resources, Topic 2.1.1: Stocks and changes of mineral resources

 

FDES specifies sub-national breakdown, would need to specify types of minerals from ocean areas.

11

Ocean energy assets

 

Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.2: Energy Resources, Topic 2.2.1: Stocks and changes of energy resources

 

FDES specifies sub-national breakdown, would need to specify types of energy from ocean areas.

12

Ocean communities

 

Component 5: Human Settlements and Environmental Health, Sub-component 5.1: Human Settlements, Topic 5.1.1: Urban and rural population

· 5.1.1.e: Population living in coastal areas

FDES would need to add spatial area of the village/community.

13

Coastal and marine infrastructure

 

Component 1:Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.1: Physical Conditions, Topic 1.1.2: Hydrographical characteristics

 

FDES covers physical characteristics but this item is not specified in the statistics.  Would be obtained from nautical chart.

14

Depths

 

Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.1: Physical Conditions, Topic 1.1.2: Hydrographical characteristics

· 1.1.2.e: Seas

FDES covers physical characteristics but this item is not specified in the statistics.  Would be obtained from bathymetric chart.

15

Shipping Lanes

 

Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.1 Physical Conditions, Topic 1.1.2: Hydrographical characteristics

· 1.1.2.e: Seas

FDES covers physical characteristics but this item is not specified in the statistics.  Would be obtained from nautical chart.

16

Upwelling Areas

 

Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.1 Physical Conditions, Topic 1.1.2: Hydrographical characteristics

· 1.1.2.e: Seas

FDES covers physical characteristics but this item is not specified in the statistics. 

17

Aquatic resources

 

Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.5: Biological Resources, Topic 2.5.2: Aquatic resources

 

 

 

Condition (Accessibility and Quantity)

 

 

 

 

18

Acidification

 

Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.3: Environmental Quality, Topic 1.3.3: Marine Water Quality, Topic 1.3.3: Marine water quality

· 1.3.3.f.1: Physical and chemical characteristics: pH/Acidity/Alkalinity

 

19

Eutrophication

 

Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.3: Environmental Quality, Topic 1.3.3: Marine Water Quality

· 1.3.3.a: Nutrients and chlorophyll

· 1.3.3.a.1: Concentration level of nitrogen

· 1.3.3.a.2: Concentration level of phosphorous

· 1.3.3.a.3: Concentration level of chlorophyll A

 

20

Phytoplankton distribution

 

Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.3: Environmental Quality, Topic 1.3.3: Marine Water Quality, Topic 1.3.3: Marine water quality

· 1.3.3.e.2: Concentration levels of marine organisms

FDES would need to specify phytoplankton.

21

Plastics

 

Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.3: Environmental Quality, Topic 1.3.3: Marine Water Quality, Topic 1.3.3: Marine water quality

· 1.3.3.h.1: Plastic waste and other marine debris: Amount of plastic waste and other debris in marine waters

 

22

Carbon

 

Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.3: Environmental Quality, Topic 1.3.3: Marine Water Quality, Topic 1.3.3: Marine water quality

 

FDES does not specify oceans dissolved carbon dioxide concentrations.

23

Coral bleaching

 

Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.3: Environmental Quality, Topic 1.3.3: Marine Water Quality, Topic 1.3.3: Marine water quality

· 1.3.3.g.1: Coral bleaching: Area affected by coral bleaching

 

24

Other pollutants

 

Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.3: Environmental Quality, Topic 1.3.3: Marine Water Quality, Topic 1.3.3: Marine water quality

 

 

25

Biophysical conditions
Biodiversity
Temperature
Currents
Frequency of storms

 

 

 

 

Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.2: Land Cover, Ecosystems and Biodiversity, Topic 1.2.2: Ecosystems and biodiversity

· 1.2.2.c: Biodiversity

FDES would need to develop guidance on specific ocean ecosystems.

Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.3: Environmental Quality, Topic 1.3.3: Marine Water Quality, Topic 1.3.3: Marine water quality

· 1.3.3.f.2: Temperature

 

Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.1 Physical Conditions, Topic 1.1.2: Hydrographical characteristics

· 1.1.2.e: Seas

FDES covers physical characteristics but the item is not specified in the statistics.  Would be obtained from nautical chart.

Component 4: Extreme Events and Disasters, Sub-component 4.1: Natural Extreme Events and Disasters, Topic 4.1.1: Occurrence of natural extreme events and disasters

· 4.1.1.a: Occurrence of natural extreme events and disasters

Hurricane and Cyclone scales applicable.

Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.1: Physical Conditions, Topic 1.1.1: Atmosphere, climate and weather

· 1.1.1.e: Wind speed

Monitoring of wind speed over certain thresholds on Beaufort Scale.

26

Sea level

 

Component 1: Environmental Conditions and Quality, Sub-component 1.1: Physical Conditions, Topic 1.1.2: Hydrographical characteristics

· 1.1.2.e.4: Sea level

 

27

Population and infrastructure exposed to natural hazards

 

Component 4: Extreme Events and Disasters, Sub-component 4.1: Natural Extreme Events and Disasters, Topic 4.1.2: Impact of natural extreme events and disasters

· 4.1.2.a. to 4.1.2.d.

 

Component 5: Human Settlements and Environmental Health, Sub-component 5.1: Human Settlements, Topic 5.1.3: Housing conditions

· 5.1.3.c: Population living in hazard-prone areas

· 5.1.3.d: Hazard-prone areas

 

 

Ocean Services Supply (physical and monetary)

coastal/urban/rural/high/low income/male/female

 

 

 

28

Provisioning: tidal and wave power generation, medium for cultivation, fish production, aquaculture production, other marine organisms

 

Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.1: Mineral Resources, Topic 2.1.1: Stocks and changes of mineral resources

 

 

Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.2: Energy Resources, Topic 2.2.1: Stocks and changes of energy resources

 

 

Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.5: Biological Resources, Topic 2.5.2: Aquatic resources

 

 

29

Regulating and maintenance: receiving discharge, placement of infrastructure, medium for transport, disaster risk reduction

 

Component 3: Residuals, Sub-component 3.2: Generation and Management of Wastewater, Topic 3.2.3: Discharge of wastewater to the environment

· 3.2.3.a.2: Wastewater discharge: Total volume of wastewater discharged to the environment without treatment

Would need to specify coastal plants.

Component 4: Extreme Events and Disasters, Sub-component 4.1: Natural Extreme Events and Disasters, Topic 4.1.2: Impact of natural extreme events and disasters

 

 

Component 5: Human Settlements and Environmental Health, Sub-component 5.1: Human Settlements, Topic 5.1.3: Housing conditions

· 5.1.3.c: Population living in hazard-prone areas

· 5.1.3.d: Hazard-prone areas

 

30

Cultural

 

 

 

 

31

Abiotic: Minerals, energy, medium for transport

 

Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.1: Mineral Resources, Topic 2.1.2: Production and trade of minerals

 

FDES would need to specify production from the Oceans.

Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.2: Energy Resources, Topic 2.2.2: Production, trade and consumption of energy

 

 

32

Fishing industry

 

Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.5: Biological Resources, Topic 2.5.2: Aquatic resources

 

 

 

Ocean Services Use (physical and monetary)

 

 

 

 

33

Provisioning: tidal and wave power generation, medium for cultivation, fish production, aquaculture production, other marine organisms

 

Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.1: Mineral Resources, Topic 2.1.1: Stocks and changes of mineral resources

 

 

Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.2: Energy Resources, Topic 2.2.1: Stocks and changes of energy resources

 

 

Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.5: Biological Resources, Topic 2.5.2: Aquatic resources

 

 

34

Regulating and maintenance: receiving discharge, placement of infrastructure, medium for transport, disaster risk reduction

 

Component 3: Residuals, Sub-component 3.2: Generation and Management of Wastewater, Topic 3.2.3: Discharge of wastewater to the environment

· 3.2.3.a.2: Wastewater discharge: Total volume of wastewater discharged to the environment without treatment

Would need to specify coastal plants.

Component 4: Extreme Events and Disasters, Sub-component 4.1: Natural Extreme Events and Disasters, Topic 4.1.2: Impact of natural extreme events and disasters

 

 

Component 5: Human Settlements and Environmental Health, Sub-component 5.1: Human Settlements, Topic 5.1.3: Housing conditions

· 5.1.3.c: Population living in hazard-prone areas

· 5.1.3.d: Hazard-prone areas

 

35

Cultural

 

 

 

 

36

Abiotic: Minerals, energy, medium for transport

 

Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.1: Mineral Resources, Topic 2.1.2: Production and trade of minerals

 

FDES would need to specify production from the Oceans.

Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.2: Energy Resources, Topic 2.2.2: Production, trade and consumption of energy

 

 

37

Fishing industry

 

Component 2: Environmental Resources and their Use, Sub-component 2.5: Biological Resources, Topic 2.5.2: Aquatic resources

 

 

 

Governance

 

 

 

 

38

Policies for sustainable management

 

 

 

 

39

Environmental Protection Expenditures on Oceans

 

Component 6: Environmental Protection, Management and Engagement, Sub-component 6.1: Environmental Protection and Resource Management Expenditure, Topic 6.1.1: Government environmental protection and resource management expenditure and Topic 6.1.2: Corporate, non-profit institution and household environmental protection and resource management expenditure

 

 

40

Environmental taxes and subsidies

 

Component 6: Environmental Protection, Management and Engagement, Sub-component 6.1: Environmental Protection and Resource Management Expenditure, Topic 6.2.2 Environmental regulation and instruments

· 6.2.2.b.1: Economic instruments: List and description of green/environmental taxes

· 6.2.2.b.2: List and description of environmentally relevant subsidies

FDES would need to specify ocean related taxes and subsidies

41

Management practices (including community based)

 

Component 6: Environmental Protection, Management and Engagement, Sub-component 6.1: Environmental Protection and Resource Management Expenditure, Topic 6.2.2: Environmental regulation and instruments

· 6.2.2.a.2: Direct regulation: Description of licensing system to ensure compliance with environmental standards for businesses or other new facilities

· 6.2.2.a.3: Number of applications for licenses received and approved per year

· 6.2.2.a.4: List of quotas for biological resource extraction

FDES would need to identify types of regulations.  Other types of regulations such as closed seasons to be  added.  Community based practices to be added.



Global Ocean Accounts Partnership, 2019