Appendix 6.6 Examples of characteristic ocean economic activities.

Note: Tables 38 and 39 are sources for Table 40, which is summarized in the main text in Table 14.


Table 38. Ocean-related ISIC codes. Adapted from Wang, 2016.

Sector

ISIC Code

Description

Ocean share

Fishing/aquaculture

0311

Marine fishing

Full

0321

Marine aquaculture

Full

1020

Processing and preserving of fish, crustaceans and molluscs

Full

Offshore oil and gas

0610

Extraction of crude petroleum

Partial

0620

Extraction of natural gas

Partial

0910

Support activities for petroleum and natural gas extraction

Partial

Boat and Ship Building, Maintenance and Repair

3011

Building of ships and floating structures

Full

3012

Building of pleasure and sporting boats

Full

3315

Repair of transport equipment, except motor vehicles

Partial

Marine renewable energy and distribution

3510

Electric power generation, transmission

Partial

Marine construction

4290

Construction of other civil engineering projects

Partial

4311

Demolition

Partial

4312

Site preparation

Partial

4321

Electrical installation

Partial

4322

Plumbing, heat and air-conditioning installation

Partial

4329

Other construction installation

Partial

4390

Other specialized construction activities

Partial

Marine transportation

5011

Sea and coastal passenger water transport

Full

5012

Sea and coastal freight water transport

Full

5210

Warehousing and storage

Partial

5222

Service activities incidental to water transportation

Partial

5224

Cargo handling

Partial

5229

Other transportation support activities

Partial

4930

Transport via pipeline

Partial

Marine tourism

5510

Short term accommodation activities

Partial

5520

Camping grounds, recreational vehicle parks and trailer parks

Partial

5590

Other accommodation

Partial

5610

Restaurants and mobile food service activities

Partial

5621

Event catering

Partial

5629

Other food service activities

Partial

5630

Beverage serving activities

Partial

7911

Travel agency activities

Partial

7912

Tour operator activities

Partial

7990

Other reservation service and related activities

Partial

9102

Museums activities and operation of historical sites and buildings

Partial

9103

Botanical and zoological gardens and nature reserves activities

Partial

9312

Activities of sports clubs

Partial

9321

Other sports activities

Partial

9329

Other amusement and recreation activities n.e.c.

Partial

Marine research and education

7210

Research and experimental development on natural sciences and engineering

Partial

8521

General secondary education

Partial

8522

Technical and vocational secondary education

Partial

8530

Higher education

Partial

8541

Sports and physical education

Partial

8549

Other education n.e.c.

Partial


  • Table 39 below shows the industries that have been identified as part of the “ocean economy” by 25 nations and international organisations in either their current statistical systems or in their “blue economy” or similar plans. The table also shows the percentage of mentions for that industry across all the reports examined. The names of the industries represent combinations of similarly designated industries.


Table 39. Illustrative characteristic industries of the ocean economy (% of times mentioned; n=25). Source: Colgan (2018).

Commercial fishing (96%)

Marine Electric Power Industry (72%)

Ocean-related Services (32%)

Petroleum Oriented Supply Industry (8%)

LPG Processing (4%)

Offshore oil and gas (92%)

Marine environmental protection (60%)

Marine equipment industry (32%)

Marine Equipment Retailing (8%)

Boat Building (4%)

Coastal tourism (92%)

Marine Biomedicine Industry (56%)

Marine Salt Industry (28%)

Ports (8%)

Recreational Fishing (4%)

Marine transportation (92%)

Marine Environment Monitoring and Prediction (60%)

Marine Geologic Exploration (24%)

Search and Navigation Equipment (8%)

Transport Services (4%)

Shipbuilding industry (84%)

Marine Education (52%)

Marine Agriculture, Forestry Industry (20%)

Marine Chemical Industry (8%)

Biotechnology (4%)

Marine engineering (84%)

Marine Insurance (40%)

Marine Construction (16%)

Marine social and international organizations (8%)

Government (4%)

Marine science research (80%)

Marine Technology Services (40%)

Extraction of Aggregates (12%)

Marine/Environmental Consulting (8%)

Waste Management Services (4%)

Ocean mining industry (76%)

Marine Information Services (36%)

Cruise Tourism (12%)

Ocean-related materials (8%)

Surveying and Mapping (4%)

Marine Management/Pub Admin/Defense (76%)

Seafood processing (32%)

Marine Wholesale and Retail Industry (12%)

Seabed Mining (4%)

Renewable Energy (1%)

Aquaculture (72%)

Seawater Utilization Industry (32%)

Seafood Supply (8%)

Refineries (4%)

Cordage (1%)


Table 40. Ocean-related ISIC codes (expanded with Colgan, 2018). Note: Activities included in Colgan not classified here due to generality include Marine technology services, Ocean-related services, Ocean-related materials, Biotechnology.

Sector

ISIC Code

Description

Ocean share

Notes

Ocean-related hunting  (walrus,seals)

0170

Hunting, trapping and related service activities

Partial

Includes land-based catching of sea mammals such as walrus and seal

Fishing/aquaculture

0311

Marine fishing

Full

Includes gathering of other marine organisms and materials: natural pearls, sponges, coral and algae; presume also biomedicines; recreational and subsistence fishing

0321

Marine aquaculture

Full

 

Offshore oil and gas

0610

Extraction of crude petroleum

Partial

 

0620

Extraction of natural gas

Partial

 

Marine mining and quarrying

0810

Quarrying of stone, sand and clay

Partial

 

0890

Mining and quarrying n.e.c.

Partial

Includes polymetallic nodules?

0893

Extraction of salt

Full

 

Mining support service activities

0910

Support activities for petroleum and natural gas extraction

Partial

 

0990

Support activities for other mining and quarrying

Partial

 

Marine manufacturing

1020

Processing and preserving of fish, crustaceans and mollusks

Full

 

1394

Manufacture of cordage, rope, twine and netting

Partial

Includes fish nets?

Marine chemical industry

2011

Manufacture of basic chemicals

Partial

Marine chemicals could also be included in other chemical products

2029

Manufacture of other chemical products n.e.c.

Partial

Marine chemicals could also be included in other chemical products

2100

Manufacture of pharmaceuticals, medicinal chemical and botanical products

Partial

Includes marine biomedicines?

Boat and Ship Building, Maintenance and Repair

3011

Building of ships and floating structures

Partial

Was full

3012

Building of pleasure and sporting boats

Partial

Was full

Repair and installation of marine equipment

3315

Repair of transport equipment, except motor vehicles

Partial

 

Marine renewable energy and distribution

3510

Electric power generation, transmission and distribution

Partial

 

Salt water supply

3600

Water collection, treatment and supply

Partial

Desalination and water for cooling

Waste management services

3700

Sewerage

Partial

Dumping wastewater to sea

Marine construction

4290

Construction of other civil engineering projects

Partial

Includes ports, harbours

4311

Demolition

Partial

 

4312

Site preparation

Partial

 

4321

Electrical installation

Partial

 

4322

Plumbing, heat and air-conditioning installation

Partial

 

4329

Other construction installation

Partial

 

4390

Other specialized construction activities

Partial

Includes ports, harbours

Marine equipment wholesale

4659

Wholesale of other machinery and equipment

Partial

Includes wholesale of other machinery n.e.c. for use in industry, trade and navigation and other
services

Marine equipment retail

4773

Other retail sale of new goods in specialized stores

Partial

Includes retail sale of photographic, optical and precision equipment

Transport via marine pipeline

4930

Transport via pipeline

Partial

 

Marine transportation

5011

Sea and coastal passenger water transport

Full

 

5012

Sea and coastal freight water transport

Full

 

Warehousing and support activities for transportation

5210

Warehousing and storage

Partial

 

5222

Service activities incidental to water transportation

Partial

 

5224

Cargo handling

Partial

 

5229

Other transportation support activities

Partial

 

Marine tourism

5510

Short term accommodation activities

Partial

 

5520

Camping grounds, recreational vehicle parks and trailer parks

Partial

 

5590

Other accommodation

Partial

 

Food and beverage service activities

5610

Restaurants and mobile food service activities

Partial

 

5621

Event catering

Partial

 

5629

Other food service activities

Partial

 

5630

Beverage serving activities

Partial

 

Marine information services

6311

Data processing, hosting and related activities

Partial

Could include other information services

Marine insurance

6512

Non-life insurance

Partial

Includes marine insurance

Marine geologic exploration

7110

Architectural and engineering activities and related technical consultancy

Partial

Includes geophysical, geologic and seismic surveying; geodetic surveying activities:

Marine research and education

7210

Research and experimental development on natural sciences and engineering

Partial

 

Marine/Environmental Consulting

7490

Other professional, scientific and technical activities n.e.c.

Partial

 

Travel agency, tour operator, reservation service and related activities

7911

Travel agency activities

Partial

 

7912

Tour operator activities

Partial

 

7990

Other reservation service and related activities

Partial

 

Ports (maintenance)

8130

Landscape care and maintenance service activities

Partial

Includes ports, harbours

Public adminstration and defence

8411

General public administration

Partial

Includes marine management, environmental monitoring and protection, public administration; National and local government, and NGO specific activities

8422

Defence activities

Partial

Coastal activities

Education

8521

General secondary education

Partial

Why?

8522

Technical and vocational secondary education

Partial

Why?

8530

Higher education

Partial

 

8541

Sports and physical education

Partial

 

8549

Other education n.e.c.

Partial

 

Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities

9102

Museums activities and operation of historical sites and buildings

Partial

 

9103

Botanical and zoological gardens and nature reserves activities

Partial

 

Sports activities and amusement and recreation activities

9312

Activities of sports clubs

Partial

 

9321

Other sports activities

Partial

 

9329

Other amusement and recreation activities n.e.c.

Partial

 


Table 41. Components of the “Blue Economy”. Source: World Bank and United Nations Department of Social and Economic Affairs, 2017.

 

Global Ocean Accounts Partnership, 2019